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A Critical Need in Infectious Diseases Training

Training the next generation of antimicrobial stewardship and hospital epidemiology clinical leaders is critical for quality healthcare delivery and public health. Antimicrobial stewardship promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials, improves patient outcomes, and reduces the development of antimicrobial resistance. Hospital epidemiology and infection prevention is a multidisciplinary program tasked with the surveillance and prevention of healthcare-associated infections caused by resistant microorganisms such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and highly communicable diseases, such as COVID-19.

Antimicrobial Stewardship & Infection Prevention Advanced Training for ID Fellows

The Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention (ASIP) Infectious Diseases Fellowship track at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Medical School is designed to prepare fellows to lead hospital infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship programs through advanced theoretical and practical training in antimicrobial stewardship, hospital epidemiology, and infection prevention and control.

The ºÚÁÏÍø Hospitals’ Department of Infection Prevention and the Carolina Antimicrobial Stewardship Program collaborate closely and are complementary in multiple aspects. In addition, physicians who practice antimicrobial stewardship or hospital epidemiology must be familiar with the other. Many physicians practice both, so training in both disciplines is highly advantageous and can occur efficiently through this fellowship.

close up of fellowship track timeline as on linked flyerTrack Timeline

The ASIP fellowship track duration is two years and is intended as the second and third years of a three-year ºÚÁÏÍø Infectious Diseases fellowship.

Approximately 50% of the second year is split between antimicrobial stewardship (25%) and infection prevention (25%). In the third year, 40% is focused on antimicrobial stewardship and 40% on infection prevention. It may be possible to tailor the split based on professional interest.

Curriculum Overview

Each disciplinary component will include training, education, and practical application, such as clinical reviews and rounding, quality improvement projects and research, and leadership and management skills building.

Expectations for Academic Output:

  • Complete at least one quality improvement or research project
  • Generate 1-2 manuscripts
  • Review and update at least one policy/clinical guideline per year
  • Lead journal club discussions 3-4 times per year

Infection Prevention (IP) Training & Education

  • SPICE Infection Prevention Training Part 1 and 2
  • Monthly didactics with IP leaders
  • Day-to-day training through active participation in Hospital Epidemiology/Infection Prevention activities

Sample Activities:

  1. Develop, update, and implement evidence-based infection prevention policies and protocols to ensure the safety of our staff, patients, and visitors
  2. Monitor and disseminate infection-related data
  3. Promote continuous quality improvement by leveraging multidisciplinary workgroups to develop, implement, and share strategies to prevent HAIs
  4. Provide education to strengthen the healthcare workforce and patients to prevent healthcare-associated infections and protect themselves from communicable disease
  5. Conduct routine infection prevention compliance rounding
  6. Conduct communicable disease exposure and outbreak investigations
  7. Provide consultation to external departments regarding infection risk assessment, prevention, and control strategies

Knowledge items/goals/objectives:

    1. Explain the role of surveillance for healthcare-associated infections.
    2. Perform surveillance for healthcare-associated infections and understand/use surveillance data.
    3. Identify the key types of healthcare-associated infections and pathogens and describe their prevention strategies.
    4. Understand the role of quality improvement activities in developing infection prevention strategies.
    5. Discuss the steps, key considerations, and partners for undertaking exposure evaluations and/or outbreak investigations.
    6. Understand the structure and responsibilities of hospital epidemiology programs and their position in the hospital administration structure and interaction with regulatory entities.
    7. Conduct a quality improvement or research project.
    8. Demonstrate/develop leadership skills, including effective time management, conflict management, effective negotiation skills, ability to lead inter-professional teams, and use of effective communication skills.
Antimicrobial Stewardship (AS) Training & Education
  • Lecture series using the advanced IDSA Antimicrobial Stewardship curriculum
  • Monthly didactics with ASP leaders in months without IDSA sessions
  • Day-to-day training through active participation in ASP activities

Sample Activities:

  1. Daily reviews (prospective audit and feedback)
  2. ASP and microbiology rounds
  3. Monitor restricted antibiotics
  4. Actively participate and/or present in meetings/committees/workgroups
  5. Deliver resident and other trainee education on ASP
  6. Journal club presentation/participation
  7. Planning/executing/evaluating stewardship projects/strategies
  8. Participation in quality improvement/research projects
  9. Develop/review policies and guidelines
  10. Appropriately document activities

Knowledge items/goals/objectives:

  1. Understand the structure of antimicrobial stewardship programs (core elements, key personnel). Identify members necessary for the success of a stewardship program. Demonstrate understanding of the inter-relationship among infection control and prevention, microbiology, and antimicrobial stewardship programs.
  2. Know, understand, and be able to use/perform tools, activities, interventions, and day-to-day work of antimicrobial stewardship program (antimicrobial restriction, prospective audit and feedback, etc.).
  3. Be able to plan, implement, and assess stewardship strategies. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each core and elective stewardship strategy.
  4. Demonstrate understanding of effective methodologies for measuring anti-infective use and participate in measuring anti-infective use at ºÚÁÏÍø. Understand antimicrobial stewardship metrics, including the difference between process and outcomes metrics.
  5. Effectively evaluate the stewardship program’s impact on anti-infective use, patient outcomes, and healthcare costs. Use best practices/evidence to identify problems and opportunities for improvement in stewardship activities.
  6. Be able to apply epidemiologic, infection prevention and control, and susceptibility surveillance methods, including the use of electronic data capture software, to assist in the analysis and interpretation of data reflecting anti-infective use, stewardship programs/interventions, and antimicrobial resistance.
  7. Understand antimicrobial resistance (epidemiology, mechanisms)
  8. Know and be able to use approaches for appropriate prescribing and narrowing of antimicrobials without loss of efficacy (including motivational interviewing/coaching techniques and guideline development).
  9. Understand and apply advances in antimicrobial therapeutics, including new agents, new vaccines, and pharmacodynamics principles to patient care at the patient and system levels.
  10. Understand and be able to perform/use diagnostic stewardship/advances in diagnostic techniques.
  11. Understand the unique challenges and strategies for outpatient antimicrobial stewardship.
  12. Know the position/relationship of antimicrobial stewardship programs in the hospital administration structure. Be able to have effective communication with hospital leadership. Demonstrate a command of regulatory requirements around antimicrobial stewardship.
  13. Demonstrate ability to conduct a quality improvement or research project.
  14. Demonstrate/develop leadership skills, including effective time management, conflict management, effective negotiation skills, ability to lead inter-professional teams, and use of effective communication skills.

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Fellowship Co-directors

Nickolaos MavrogiorgosNikolaos Mavrogiorgos, MD

Medical Director, Carolina Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, ºÚÁÏÍø Hospitals

Dr. Mavrogiorgos went to medical school at the University of Athens Medical School. He completed an Internal Medicine residency at Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, followed by an Infectious Diseases fellowship at Boston University. After fellowship, he stayed at Boston University doing sexually transmitted diseases immunology research and clinical Infectious Diseases and then moved to private practice at MetroWest Medical Center in Framingham, Massachusetts (general infectious diseases, antimicrobial stewardship, education of residents and medical students). In 2018, he moved to ºÚÁÏÍø Medical Center, where he practices general infectious diseases and serves as the medical director of the Carolina Antimicrobial Stewardship Program.

Emily Sickbert-BennettEmily Sickbert-Bennett, PhD, MS, CIC, FSHEA

Director, Infection Prevention, ºÚÁÏÍø HospitalsÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý

Dr. Sickbert-Bennett has served as the Director of Hospital Epidemiology at the University of North Carolina Hospitals since April 2017. In this role, she provides oversight and responsibility of the Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology Department activities to include surveillance, outbreak and exposure investigations, education, regulatory compliance and accreditation, and consultation. She also serves as the Administrative Director of the Carolina Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, leading a multidisciplinary team of ID pharmacists, ID physicians, project manager, and data analysts. Dr. Sickbert-Bennett is also a professor in the School of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division and an associate professor in the Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology. She is an associate editor for the American Journal of Infection Control and is the past-chair of the guidelines committee for the Society for Healthcare Epidemiologists of America.